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My studies and experience convince me that the trajectory of our professional and personal lives will be heavily influenced by our brain literacy, that is, what we know about our brain, how we apply what we know, and how we take care of our brain. “The lack of brain education is a huge mistake,” says neuroscientist and psychiatrist Daniel G. Amen1, “because success in all we do starts with a healthy brain.” Let’s address the third item and, in particular, the importance of life-long mental stimulation of that three-pound marvel between our ears.
Two Revealing Studies
Epidemiologist David Snowdon led one of the most revealing investigations of the human brain. Starting in 1990, 678 nuns in seven U.S. convents within the School Sisters of Notre Dame order agreed to work with Snowdon in a groundbreaking study that focused on their brains. The study’s purpose: determine who gets dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease, which is the principal cause of dementia, and why, and what factors affect life expectancy.
The nuns offered an ideal situation for scientific study because they led similar lives, had access to similar health care, ate well, did not smoke, hardly drank alcohol, and didn’t experience physical changes caused by pregnancy. The research process included tracking each nun’s writings and other activities beginning in their 20’s and extending to death, conducting annual cognitive and physical tests on each participant, and removing and conducting an autopsy on the brain of every deceased study participant.
The research reached a results milestone in 2001 with the publication of Snowdon’s book Aging with Grace: What the Nun Study Teaches Us about Leading Longer, Healthier, and Meaningful Life2 -- by then 383 nuns had passed away. The study concluded that early language ability, a positive outlook, and ongoing mental and physical activity correlated with lowered risk of dementia, including Alzheimer’s, and correlated with longer life. Researcher Snowdon does not fully understand the reasons for this correlation. However, that does not significantly diminish their potential value for us, assuming we govern our lives accordingly.
More recently, neuropsychologist Robert S. Wilson3,4 led a similar cohort study at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, which started with 294 older persons with an average age of 80 at the beginning of the study. Somewhat similar to the Nun Study, participants in this investigation participated in annual cognitive function testing until death – a mean of 5.8 years from the time the research began – at which time their brains were autopsied. Base data on participants included early-life and late-life participation in “cognitively-stimulating” activities such as reading, writing, visiting museums, playing challenging card games, doing puzzles, and the like.
The researcher’s view of their work: “We have proved…that increased cognitive activity has an association with reduced cognitive decline independent of cognitive-related pathology.” The reference to “independent of cognitive-related pathology” means that the researchers analyzed the data to remove the effects of diseases.
The Meaning for Us
The Nun and Rush studies suggest that if we are running mainly on habit and what is comfortable and routine, we should change the pattern. If you are a successful engineering student or practitioner, you may react by saying, “I live most days around cognitive activity -- I have to in order to survive.”
While that may be true, I have observed many middle and advanced career professionals who have gotten into a rut. Every five years they have one year of cognitive experience five times instead of five years of cognitive experience. Unfortunately, that “in-a-rut thinking” may extend into their personal lives. Avoid that vigorously in order to reduce the likelihood of dementia and increase the probability of living longer. Practice faithful stewardship with your gift of intelligence and the opportunities it offers for achieving success and significance.
Here are some ways to stay mentally stimulated at various points in your life:
- Earn another degree
- Master a new dance step
- Play brain games
- Seek speaking opportunities
- Take art lessons
- Request very different job assignments
- Travel to new places
- Join a book club
- Plant and nurture a vegetable or flower garden
- Learn another language
- Engage in a new sport
- Take different routes in your daily travels
- Walk or ride your bicycle instead of driving
- Design and build a boat
- Lead an ad hoc task committee
- Participate in an archeological dig
- Read articles and books from outside of your discipline and/or specialty
- Start a part-time business
- Learn to play an instrument
- Write that book
Avoid completely retiring and, with the exception of how to finance your later years, don’t dwell on retiring. Sister Mary, a participant in the Nun’s Study, cut back from decades of full-time teaching to part-time teaching at age 77. When she was 84, she retired from teaching but not from doing useful things. She did not completely retire because, as she put it, “I only retire at night.” She and the other nuns teach us a lesson about how to mind our minds.
Sources:
1) Amen, D. G. 2008. Magnificent Mind at Any Age, Three Rivers Press, New York, NY.
2) Snowdon, D. 2001. Aging with Grace: What the Nun Study Teaches Us About Leading Longer, Healthier, and Meaningful Lives, Bantam Books, New York, NY.
3) Wilson, R. S., P. A. Boyle, L. Yu, L. L. Barnes, J. A. Schneider, and D. A. Bennett. 2013. “Life-Span Cognitive Activity, Neuropathologic Burden, and Cognitive Aging,” Neurology, July 3.
4) Hughes, S. 2013. “An Active Brain throughout Life Slows Cognitive Decline,” Medscape Medical News, July.
Images courtesy of Pixabay.
Notes:
This article draws on research used to write my book Introduction to Creativity and Innovation for Engineers (Pearson 2017).
I welcome opportunities to speak, teach, conduct workshops, and collaborate about any aspect of applying brain basics to help engineers and others live and work smarter – more effective, creative, and innovative. A list of my writings and presentations appears here.
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